Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional optical imaging measurement methods, such as low frame frequency, blurred image quality and difficulty in meeting the requirements of high-precision measurement of target deformation, a new method of high-speed target deformation measurement based on linear CCD pixel number extraction was proposed.This method takes advantages of the linear charge-coupled device (CCD), such as high resolution and high frame frequency. The pixel extraction method for obtaining the target number N of pixels was used by extracting the line array CCD output target intensity-the maximum point of the slope change rate of the pixel curve. At the same time ,the digital micromirror device(DMD) was utilized to simulate the high-speed moving target deformation process , combined with the linear CCD pixel number extraction based high-speed moving target deformation measurement method to conduct experimental verification. The experimental results show that the deformation of the high-speed moving target with V=450 km/h can be measured by the method proposed, which can meet the requirements for the target deformation measurement deviation less than 0.3 mm, the standard deviation less than 0.5 mm, and the lowest relative error of 0.01%. The accurate measurement of the high-speed moving target shape variable is realized, which lays a foundation for high-speed wear test, high-temperature deformation test and high-pressure shape test.