Biospeckle is an optical non-destructive testing technology that uses laser refraction and reflection inside the object to reflect its internal information. Biospeckle imaging equipment and image processing algorithms are constantly improved, and the application fields are gradually expanding. Due to the existence of interference factors, the precision of modelling is still the focus of researchers at present. The speckle image processing algorithm is reviewed in detail, and the application of biospeckle technology in fruit quality detection is investigated. The main imaging equipments are summarized and suggestions for improvement are proposed to provide inspiration for future research.