Light scattering by a tissue has a wavelength dependence that depends on the size distribution of scatterers in the tissue. By measuring the wavelength dependence of scattering, one can deduce changes in the nanoscale architecture of cells and tissues. This report discusses the connection between nanoscale architecture and measurable light scattering. The significance of this work is to develop label-free optical imaging that describes tissue structure, to complement the absorption, fluorescence, and Raman scattering spectra that describe the chemical constituents of a tissue.