Aiming at the stereo imaging system with Scheimpflug cameras, the calibration and epipolar rectification methods are investigated in this paper. The epipolar geometry of stereo Scheimpflug cameras is described, on the basis of which a robust and effective stepwise calibration method is proposed. Based on the calibration results of intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, the epipolar rectification model of stereo Scheimpflug cameras is presented. Furthermore, a three-dimensional digital image correlation (DIC) deformation measurement system is developed based on Scheimpflug cameras. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the three-dimensional DIC deformation measurement system is superior to 10 μm, which demonstrates the effectiveness and accuracy of the stepwise calibration and epipolar rectification of proposed stereo Scheimpflug cameras.