Microlens arrays, as an optical element, can realize high-quality imaging because of their high resolution and infinite depth of field. Additionally, they exhibit important applications in the fields of optical communication and optical sensing. In recent years, advancements in optoelectronics, micro and nanotechnology, smart materials, and other disciplines have spurred research on the tunability of microlens arrays, enabling microlens arrays to overcome the defects of fixed focal lengths. Furthermore, tunable microlens arrays greatly improve the flexibility of devices. This paper summarizes the recent research progress in three aspects, including shape tuning of microlenses, refractive index tuning, and superlens tuning; describes the principles and methodologies involved in tuning microlens arrays in detail; discusses the advantages and drawbacks of various tuning methods; introduces the application potential of tunable microlens arrays; and finally envisages their future development trends.