To improve the quality of Doppler signal and signal processing accuracy, a set of homodyne laser vibration measurement system based on pupil-plane interferometry and wavelet transform is proposed and implemented. In this system, pupil-plane interferometry is introduced into the laser Doppler vibrometry, which overcomes the phenomenon that the detection spot drifts relative to the detector caused by the complex vibration of the measured object in optical path for vibration measurement based on image-plane interferometry, and suppresses the modulation of Doppler signal caused by this kind of drift. In the session of vibration information extraction, the instantaneous frequency of signal is extracted by wavelet ridge extraction algorithm, and then the vibration velocity is calculated. With a standard shaker as the vibration source and a magnetoelectric velocity sensor as the reference, the performance of the designed system is verified through the experiments of measuring the velocity and the vibration. Experimental results show that the measurement of the velocity of a vibrating object by the designed system is consistent with the magnetoelectric velocity sensor, and the relative errors of different simple harmonic vibration parameters measured by the designed system are all within 1.5%.