In order to solve the easy-broken structure， low energy efficiency and heat dissipation of the traditional X-ray tube with filament based on thermionic cathode， a novel light-controlled pulsed X-ray tube device is deostrated in this paper. By matching the parameters of photocathode and light source， S20 cathode with high quantum efficiency and LED with 460 nm wavelength were selected. At the same time， the overall structure design of the X-ray tube is determined by the simulation. Finally， the maximum tube current of 2.37 mA is realized， the electron emission efficiency of photocathode is 0.288 mA/lm， and the output X-ray energy is adjustable from 0 to 25 keV. In addition， based on the characteristics of easy-access to be modulated of the light-controlled pulsed X-ray tube， different frequencies input signal restoration experiment and arbitrary contor X-ray restoration experiment was carried out.