Due to the differences in damage mechanisms and combat methods, the existing test methods for airborne weapons and sensors are not applicable to airborne laser weapons, and it is necessary to study the foreign special test and evaluation techniques. Starting from the test situation of typical airborne laser weapons in foreign countries, the main test phases, test contents, test categories, and management characteristics were analyzed, and the contents as well as methods of the main subjects, such as aerodynamic-optical characteristics, light emission characteristics, target detection, identification and tracking, beam control, and lethality test were studied. The results show that, in order to avoid the test technology lagging behind the research and development technology, the America has adopted the management measures of promoting relevant researches such as multi-program arrangement, vigorously construction of test machines, building of test facilities and conduct of tests in a gradual manner. It is recommended that the investment in testing technology should be strengthened, the systematic testing machines should be constructed in a timely manner, and the research in the areas of testing and targeting should be enhanced, with a view to promoting the maturation and application of new qualitative weapons.