The linear motion dynamic target simulation system can provide an infinite distance dynamic target with linear motion relative to the aerial camera, which is used to detect the dynamic resolution index of the aerial camera. This paper completes the achromatic optical design of a collimator with a large field of view and long focal length. The dynamic target generator comprises a collimator, resolution chart, precise linear guide, and linear motor. The trajectory of the dynamic target was designed using the image motion velocity equation on an aerial camera. Based on the LabVIEW platform, the proportional-integral-derivative algorithm was used to control the linear motor to realize dynamic target simulation with an operating speed of 10-900 mm/s and instantaneous velocity error less than 1% at a constant speed segment. The result reveals that the optimized optical system's modulation transfer function is better than 0.2@100 lp/mm, and distortion is less than 0.03%.