Passive electrostatic detection system can capture target information by detecting the electrostatic field around air moving targets. It has the advantages of simple construction, good concealment, high anti-interference and anti-stealth ability. The target information is obtained by the electrostatic field detecting system based on electrostatic field detecting theory through detecting the electrostatic field around air moving targets. And approximately calculation of the azimuth of air targets is performed by electrostatic detection equipment array. The electrostatic signal characteristic analysis of the air moving targets is performed to determine electrostatic detection method and the principle design of the signal detection circuit is confirmed. And the detection effect of the electrostatic detector is validated through calculation simulation.