A rapid quantitative analytical method for three components of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos solution (Lonicera Japonica Thumb.) extracted by water was developed using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and the partial least-squares (PLS) method. The NIR spectra of 81 samples collected from a production line were obtained. The concentrations of secologanic acid, chlorogenic acid and galuteolin were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection as the reference method. Several pretreatment methods for the NIR spectra were used during PLS calibration. The most appropriate latent variable number of the PLS factor was selected based on the standard error of cross-validation (SECV). The performance of the final PLS models was evaluated according to SECV, standard error of prediction (SEP) and determination coefficient (R²). The compounds secologanic acid, chlorogenic acid and galuteolin had SEP values of 0.030, 0.061 and 1.668 μg/mL, respectively and R² values over 0.85. This work shows that NIR spectroscopy is a rapid and convenient method for the analysis of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos solution extracted by water. The proposed method can help in the application of process analytical technology in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly in traditional Chinese medicine injections.