Under gradually varying temperatures from liquid nitrogen temperature to room temperature, the spectroscopic characteristics of some typical natural diamonds after high temperature high pressure treatment and synthetic diamonds after high temperature high pressure or chemical vapor deposition processing are investigated by ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy with 405 nm excitation source combined with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and DiamondView TM. The results show that the directional feature absorptions in UV-Vis-NIR and PL spectra under different excitation light sources or test temperatures are not completely consistent with previous reports. These absorptions show clear temperature sensitivity, which attribute to the fingerprint and optimized feature absorptions. As the ambient temperature increases, the characteristic absorption peak intensity decreases gradually and some characteristic absorption peaks even disappear. The temperature-sensitive features of the diamond absorption spectra can provide important technical support and theoretical basis for the detection, screening, and characterization of diamonds, and also provide important reference for their new functional applications.