Many animals have the strange ability to sense the polarized light and navigate using the stable polarization mode in the sky, and the polarization navigation technology has been studied by mimicking the biological polarization navigation mechanism. As the information source of polarization navigation, the sky polarization mode lacks systematic research in the atmosphere of the ice cloud, which hinders the practical application of polarization navigation technology. To explore the influence of ice cloud atmospheric related parameters, such as ice crystal particle shape, effective radius, ice water content and optical thickness, on the sky polarization pattern. A vector transport model based on the Monte Carlo method, by the radiative transfer process of actual ice clouds. This paper analyzed the change law of atmospheric polarization mode of the ice cloud with different shapes with different observation height angles, the change law of atmospheric polarization of the ice cloud with different effective radii under different ice water content, the change law of atmospheric polarization of ice cloud with thickness and neutralization optical thickness under different ice water content. And through the image-type test system, the variation of sky polarization pattern with effective radius, optical thickness and ice water content in 10 sets of actual atmospheric conditions in Dalian University of Technology were tested. The results shown that the shape of ice crystal particles affects the polarization of the ice cloud and the azimuthal polarization of the ice cloud. The plate polymer particle polarization was greater than plate particles. Because the plate particles, plate polymer particles usually had larger size distribution and more complex shape, which made the light into the particle multiple scattering, reflection and refraction and larger phase difference, leading to a stronger polarization effect, and produced larger polarization. Solid column/bullet particles were larger than hollow column/bullet particles. Because the solid column/solid bullet particles inside were solid, the particle's internal medium and light contact area were larger than the hollow particles, resulting in the scattering, reflection and refraction of the phase difference. The polarization effect was relatively strong, so the polarization was larger. And the atmospheric polarization of the ice cloud increases with the effective radius. Because of the fact that when the effective radius was small. The relative size of the light in the clouds was relatively close to the particles. Scattering and refracted light had relatively weak effects on the polarization effect. While, as the effective radius increases, the surface area and size of the ice crystals were also becoming larger. The larger surface area and size of the ice crystals increase the scattering, reflection, and refraction of light inside the ice crystals. Thus leading to an increased phase difference, Producing stronger polarization effects. Therefore, the degree of polarization value will also increase. The atmospheric polarization of ice clouds decreases with increasing optical thickness and ice water content. After it gradually tended to a stable state. Because the increasing optical thickness, light rays travel through longer paths in the medium, so that the energy of the light is more evenly distributed throughout the ice cloud, when the optical thickness increases to a certain value. Light propagation path and energy distribution gradually tended to a steady state. Thus, the atmospheric polarization of the ice cloud gradually tended to a stable value. The actual tests were conducted at the same time on different dates and it found that the polarization variation law of the actual ice cloud in the Dalian University of Technology was basically consistent with the simulation, which verified the reliability of the simulation model. The study in this paper provides theoretical support for the engineering application of polarization navigation under the actual ice cloud atmospheric conditions.