Aiming at the motion errors of the linear stage, a measurement method for the determination of three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) error motions is proposed based on non-diffracting Moiré fringes produced by computer-generated holograms (CGHs). A liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) is used to generate non-diffracting beams, and two non-diffracting beams form Moiré fringes. A 3-DOF measuring optical path of non-diffracting Moiré fringes is designed. Meanwhile, a 3-DOF mathematical model of motion errors is established, and three kinds of motion errors (yaw angle, roll angle and pitch angle) are separated by geometric analysis method. A rotary table is used to simulate the 3-DOF motion errors on different conditions. The NDB and non-diffracting Moiré fringe patterns are obtained by CCD1 and CCD2 respectively. Experimental results show that the motion errors calculated by the positions of the central points agree well with the theoretical value with the error less than 0.0104°, which can verify the feasibility and correctness of the 3-DOF measurement system for non-diffracting Moiré fringes.