With the emergence of new food processing technology and materials, food contamination problems are also more frequent outbreaks of international food safety incidents. Foodborne diseases caused by food contamination seriously threaten peoples lives and health, and how to control food quality has become the focus of peoples attention. Terahertz technology isan emerging detection technologythatreflects the physical structure, properties, and chemical composition of the sample at the same time, access to the sample in the terahertz band of time and frequency domain information as a material “fingerprint” spectrum, used in the field of nondestructive testing and identification and has achieved certain results. Compared with the traditional means of detection, the advantages of terahertz technology, such as high safety, good visualization, and strong spectral resolution, give it great potential and application prospects in food contamination detection. This paper briefly describes the basic principles of terahertz spectroscopy, takes the most commonly used terahertz time-domain spectroscopy as the main research focus, summarizes the application of this technology in the detection of biological food contamination, chemical food contamination, and physical food contamination, and finally focuses on the current status of the practical application of terahertz technology in the field of food contamination detection, discusses the development trend and application prospects, and analyzes the current research still exists in the field of food contamination detection. Finally, it focuses on the practical application of terahertz technology in the field of food contamination detection, discusses its development trend and application prospects, and analyzes the problems that still exist in the current research to providereferences for the further development of terahertz technology in the field of food safety detection.