In order to realize the vibration signal detection in two directions, a two-dimensional fiber grating vibration sensor with a rod as the elastic structure is proposed. Firstly, the theoretical analysis of this two-dimensional fiber grating vibration sensor is carried out, and the formula of its natural frequency and sensitivity is derived. Then the sensor structure is optimized and simulated to determine the final value of each parameter. Finally, the performance of the sensor is studied experimentally. The experimental results show that the natural frequency of the sensor in the x direction is 493 Hz, the sensitivity is 54 pm/g, and the linearity is 999%. The natural frequency in the y direction is 466 Hz, the sensitivity is 5 pm/g, and the linearity is 975%. In addition, the effect of temperature on vibration signal measurement is eliminated by using dual fiber grating, and the temperature sensitivity is 01 pm/°C. The sensor which can detect vibration signals in both directions and eliminate the influence of temperature is simple in structure. Since the sensor has good performance in the detection of vibration signals, it has important research significance in the field of multidimensional vibration signal detection.