In this paper, TC4 titanium alloys were prepared by laser melting deposition using different scanning strategies. The effects of scanning strategy on the microstructure and properties of TC4 titanium alloys were studied using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and electronic universal material testing machine. In particular, the evolution and distribution of residual stress in the XOZ plane of the TC4 alloys were analyzed in detail using XRD. Results indicate that the scanning strategy affected the morphology of the basket microstructure, which in turn affected the mechanical properties of the TC4 alloys. The tensile and yield strengths of the TC4 specimen under the roundabout scanning strategy were the maximum (1251.7 MPa and 1250.0 MPa, respectively), while the tensile and yield strengths of the TC4 specimen under the unidirectional scanning strategy were the minimum (991.5 MPa and 1010.9 MPa, respectively). The residual stress varied substantially under different scanning strategies, with the test results of the partition roundabout scanning being distributed more uniformly. The order of the overall stress level of the specimens obtained using different scanning strategies was partition roundabout, reciprocating, roundabout, and unidirectional scanning.