Heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matter not noly pollute the ecology but also affect human health. Therefore, their chemical form and bioavailability are of great significance for the evaluation of health and ecological risks. To compare and explore the bioavailability of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5)and the ecological risk assessment of the total suspended particulates (TSP) in industrial areas and urban areas of Nanjing, China, PM_2.5 and TSP samples were collected separetely from an industrial area and an urban area from 2016 to 2017, and elements such as Pb, Cd, Mn, Cu were analyzed in the samples. The results show that: (1) Cd in PM_2.5 has high bioavailability and is a greater threat to human health, indicating that its emissions should be strictly controlled, (2) the average heavy metal pollution degree of TSP in the industrial area is higher than that in the urban area, with Cd and Pb elements at an extremely strong ecological hazard level.