On haze days, the aerosol extinction coefficient decreased as the height increased, whereas the change in extinction coefficient with height was not apparent on clear days. Weather circumstances had an effect on the vertical distribution of aerosols in the Taiyuan Basin. The aerosol extinction effect in the Taiyuan Basin was strongest at 200-300 m above ground, where it was influenced by northwest or westward airflow and regulated by low-level warm advection. Under static and steady weather conditions, low-level warm advection resulted in the production of an inversion layer, with the aerosol extinction effect being strongest at a height of 360 m above the ground. On the ground, the Taiyuan Basin was ahead of the bottom of the high pressure, with quite strong ground winds. The cold advection at 700-850 hPa brought pollutants from high-latitudes to the Taiyuan Basin. The aerosol extinction effect was strongest during the transmission of such pollutants at a height of 1200 m above the ground. Due to the complexity of the influence of meteorological components on the vertical distribution of aerosols, we intend to perform additional research in the future.