The hydrothermally treated red phosphorus (HRP) was dispersed on exfoliated bentonite (EB) supporter to prepare the EB/HRP photocatalyst for improving photocatalytic performance. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by different methods. Rhodamine B was selected as the model pollutant to evaluate the photodegradation property of EB/HRP. Results showed that the photodegradation efficiency of the EB/HRP photocatalyst composite increased with increased EB mass fraction, and decreased after reaching the highest value. When the mass fraction of EB was 9%, the EB₉/HRP photocatalyst composite exhibited the maximum adsorption performance and photodegradation activity. Its degradation rate constant k was 0.0641 min^-1, which was two times that of HRP. In addition, after five cycles of photodegradation experiments, EB₉/HRP still had high photocatalytic activity (96.8%). Therefore, the EB₉/HRP catalyst composite had good photocatalytic activity and stability, which can be an efficient and stable photocatalyst for the degradation of pollutants.