To further promote the application of laser white light source in the fields of automobile headlights, projection and backlight, the synthesis methods of laser white light source were introduced. Besides, its key components were detailedly analyzed from three aspects: pump source, light conversion material and optical system. Through the theoretical analysis, the highest theoretical value of light conversion efficiency in the laser illumination system was 498 lm/W. However, some technical and process problems resulted in that its final efficiency was only 17%. Then, a rod-shaped (length > 10 mm) YAG ceramic (Ce < 0.1 at %) was innovatively proposed to accommodate the high lumen blue light based the summary of the light-conversion materials for high-lumen-density laser lighting system. In addition, from the viewpoint of optical design, a new lens type structure of light-conversion materials was employed to totally enhance the efficiency. Finally, after considering the distribution of related patents, the prospects and applications of laser lighting system were forecasted in the fields of laser display, visible-light communication and so on.