A vortex fiber with a new structure is designed to solve the problems of small numbers, low orders, and poor transmission quality of the orbital angular momentum modes supported by the general vortex fiber. On the basis of the fabrication of the amethyst-doped tube ring and quartz tube ring, the fiber improves the air filling rate through the nested structure of tube rings. The designed vortex fiber is modeled by the software COMSOL Multiphysics based on the finite element method, and the transmission characteristic parameters are analyzed and calculated. The results reveal that the vortex fiber stably supports certain orders of orbital angular momentum modes in different incident light bands in a "jumping" manner. In the wavelength range of 1500–1600 nm, it can support 44 higher-order orbital angular momentum modes for stable transmission, including the 31st-order mode. Moreover, the detailed analysis of the 44 higher-order modes demonstrates that the effective refractive index difference remains in the order of magnitude of 10^-3, the dispersion is relatively flat, the dispersion variation is less than 4.2 ps?km^-1?nm^-1, the mode purity is greater than 94.5%, the minimum effective mode field area is 122.78 μm², the maximum nonlinear coefficient is 0.89 km^-1·W^-1, and the confinement loss is maintained in the order of magnitude between 10^-13 dB?m^-1 and 10^-8 dB?m^-1. When the bending radius is greater than 8 mm, the bending has no effect on the number of orbital angular momentum modes that the fiber can support. When the bending radius is less than 8 mm, the number of supported modes decreases as the bending radius decreases.