To address issues such as congestion, latency, high packet loss, and low throughput in the data transmission of electricity information acquisition terminals, and to improve cache utilization and data transmission efficiency, a dual-queue cache optimization algorithm for electricity information acquisition terminals based on time series is proposed. Preliminary statistics are conducted on the time series information of user electricity consumption, and electricity consumption trends and anomaly detection results are extracted as upload data. A Dual-Buffer Queue Management based on Priority (DBQM-P) dual-cache optimization algorithm is constructed, which divides queues according to the priority of different services and calculates the optimal discard probability. Different packet discard strategies are implemented in the dual-queue cache model to achieve efficient transmission of electricity information acquisition terminal data. Experiments show that this method can collect user time series information, cache data according to the priority of services, and upload it to the electricity information acquisition system background for display, significantly improving the cache utilization of electricity information acquisition terminals, increasing the amount of data transmitted per unit of time, with the highest packet loss rate being only 0.58%, reducing data loss, ensuring the transmission of urgent and important business information, and enhancing the real-time and reliability of data transmission.