The photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (PCVCSEL) are the new lasers with two-dimensional photonic crystal structure based on the traditional oxide aperture confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting (VCSEL) lasers, which can achieve high-power fundamental transverse mode output. A reasonable design method for PCVCSEL structure is proposed, and a stable fundamental transverse mode output is achieved when the normalized frequency Veff is around 2.405. Through the two-dimensional equivalent refractive index model, the fundamental transverse mode PCVCSEL and the traditional VCSEL with reduced oxide aperture are compared and analyzed. The former can achieve greater lateral limitation and wider optical field width. The current distribution and temperature distribution of PCVCSEL are analyzed by thermoelectric coupling model. It is proved that the current and heat are mainly concentrated in the area corresponding to the oxide confined aperture. A PCVCSEL with a single-fundamental-mode output power of 1.6 mW with a lasing wavelength of 932 nm is successfully fabricated.