To mitigate the adverse impacts of atmospheric turbulence-induced wavefront distortion of optical signals during communication in coherent free-space optical communication systems, an enhanced Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent (SPGD) algorithm based on the Aggregated Momentum (AM) and the Adaptive and Momental Bound (AdaMod) optimizer is proposed. Simulation results show that the optimization algorithm can significantly improve the convergence speed and robustness, and effectively reduce the peak-to-valley and root-mean-square of wavefront distortion, thus more effectively suppressing the negative impact of atmospheric turbulence on the mixing efficiency and BER of coherent FSOC systems.