A scheme based on the interaction of photon-superconducting qubit-phonon three-body hybrid quantum system is proposed, which is specifically composed of a microwave cavity and a micromechanical resonator coupled with a superconducting charge qubit. The probe absorption properties of the superconducting qubit coupled microwave cavity and mechanical resonator system are analyzed in detail through the first-order linear susceptibility which is solved by the quantum Langevin equation. The results show that the dual-field detecting method can accurately measure the coupling strength between the qubit and the microwave cavity according to the width between the double peaks in the absorption spectrum of the signal field. At the same time, according to the positions of the absorption peak and gain peak, accurate measurement of the vibration frequency is achieved. The new measurement scheme proposed in this paper is of great significance to the fields of precision measurement, quantum computing and quantum information processing.