In a bus-based control system， the transmission rate and synchronization accuracy of the fieldbus are key factors affecting the speed and accuracy of multi-axis collaborative machining tasks. To satisfy the performance requirements of high-speed and high-precision manufacturing equipment， the transmission rate and synchronization accuracy of the control system must be optimized and the information security of industrial communication must be ensured. Based on domestic FPGA chip， a general Ethernet interface circuit that conforms to the IEEE802.3 specification is designed and a linear cascaded network topology is constructed in this study. Considering the channel transmission principle of industrial control process and service data， a data transmission method for channel mapping is proposed， improving the bus efficiency. A distributed clock synchronization mechanism is used to calculate the network transmission delay and time offset using timestamps， and synchronization control is achieved by compensating for the bus controller. Experimental results show that the designed high-precision synchronous real-time Ethernet bus controller can achieve a minimum communication period of 250 μs in a 100 Mb/s Ethernet link， and that the synchronization accuracy of each node in the network is less than 50 ns， which corresponds to the international advanced level.