Based on the generalized Huygens-Fresnel diffraction theory, the intensity expression of the radially polarized spiral Bessel beam is derived. The transmission characteristics, the change of the polarization state and self-reconstruction characteristics of the beam during transmission are studied. It is found that ,by the theoretical analysis and numerical calculation, when the radially polarized spiral Bessel beam is transmitted in free space, the beam is spirally transmitted around the optical axis in the form of a hollow beam and the divergence angle of the beam is zero in a certain transmission region. In addition, the characteristics of radial polarization are maintained during the transmission process. The off-axis spiral transmission characteristic is always maintained and the energy conservation law is followed in the self-reconstruction process of the beam. As the transmission distance increases, the energy originally disappeared in the occlusion region is gradually diffracted to the opposite position of the obstacle occlusion area.