In the design of lighting system, the uniform lighting of the receiving surface and the full use of light energy have always been urgent problems in the light source design. At present, in the field of LED light source design, the Sparrow Criterion analysis and differential equation calculation are usually used to optimize the lighting effect. The optimization level of these methods is relatively single, with a long cycle and a large error. In order to strengthen the optimization efficiency of the LED light source system and synchronously improve the illumination uniformity and energy utilization rate of the light source system, an optimization design algorithm based on the illumination uniformity evaluation function, energy utilization evaluation function and comprehensive evaluation function was was proposed. Firstly, the numerical analysis method was used to optimize and adjust the conical constant K and curvature radius R of the second side of the single light source system, so as to realize the synchronous optimization of the illumination uniformity and energy utilization rate of the whole reflective cup light source system. The study results show that the optimized system with the algorithm increased by 14.2%, the energy efficiency increased by 16.75%, and the proximity to the ideal value increased by 14.42%, which verifies the feasibility of the optimization method. On this basis, the influence of multi-light source system array spacing for illumination uniformity and energy utilization system was further studied, the optimal array spacing of light source array system, under the distance of the illumination uniformity and the ideal value proximity is 44.84%, energy utilization rate is 88.84%, finally achieving a LED light system in rectangular array with high uniformity and energy utilization.