In this paper, we investigate the identification methods and characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer structure (ABL) in coastal areas under the influence of typhoon peripheral circulation and local sea-land breeze circulation (SLBC) based on the field observation data and the reanalysis data of meteorological elements in Maoming. We use the meteorological element sounding data and the micro-pulse lidar (MPL) observation data to analyze the applicability of the retrieving method of the atmospheric boundary layer height (BLH). Then, we propose a new MPL-based BLH recognition method, which can greatly improve the BLH results with the complex boundary layer structure. Furthermore, we analyze the ABL structure and the characteristics of the temporal and spatial changes in the atmospheric BLH under the influence of large-scale and local SLBC. In coastal areas, the influence of local SLBC is more significant without the control of large-scale weather systems and thus the ABL will have a multi-layered complex structure. In addition, the BLH shows the daily variation of wave crests and troughs. Generally, BLH starts to grow at the time of land-sea breeze transition in the daytime, and the maximum is generally about 2 km at the top of the aerosol layer at noon. Then, BLH decline is usually accompanied by the sea-land breeze transition at night, and the minimum generally appears at the stable boundary layer top below the residual layer, as low as about 500 m. Under the control of typhoon peripheral circulation, the local convection caused by the local SLBC will be suppressed. The air rising and sinking of the ABL alternation will weaken or even disappear. The vertical distribution of aerosols in the ABL is relatively uniform, and BLH and aerosol top basically coincide at about 2 km. The BLH changes little, without obvious diurnal variation.