In the application of a rotating vision measurement system composed of a turntable and a camera, it is important to accurately calibrate the distance between the optical center of camera and the rotation axis, so as to facilitate subsequent data splicing. Therefore, a method for calibrating the distance between the optical center of camera and the rotation axis based on the principle of binocular vision is proposed, and the corresponding mathematical model is established, with the analytical expression deduced. The turntable drives the camera with known internal parameters to rotate once, and two target images are shot. Then, the distance between the optical center of camera and the rotation axis can be calculated according to the image coordinates of the feature points on the target images, their corresponding spatial distance, the rotation angle, and the internal parameters of the camera. As a result, computer simulations and experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the calculation results can be used to align the optical center of camera with the rotation axis in the rotating vision measurement system, with an alignment accuracy of 0.16 mm.