In order to meet the market demand of the optical industry, the rapid manufacturing technology of aspheric optical elements is one of the best solutions to realize low cost, mass production, and high precision production. This paper mainly introduces the rapid manufacturing technology of aspheric optical elements, including precision optical glass molding technology and precision optical plastic injection molding technology, and compares the two technologies with the manufacturing technology of other aspheric optical elements. This paper also expounds on the types of mold materials, mold processing methods, molding materials, molding process, etc. Finally, the development status of rapid manufacturing technology of aspheric optical elements in recent years is summarized, and future development has prospected.