Stable time and frequency transfer is one of the two core technologies in time and frequency infrastructure systems. Optical fiber enables high precision and long-distance transfer, making it the best choice for terrestrial time and frequency transfer. In this study, we introduce the principles of fiber-optic time and frequency transfer and elaborate on the phase noise compensation methods using optical frequency transfer as an example. Addressing the limitations of current time and frequency transfer equipment that uses discrete optoelectronic devices, we explore and study the design approaches for optoelectronic integrated chips and demonstrate the advantages of photonic integration. Finally, we review recent progress in fiber-optic time and frequency transfer globally and present prospects.