The challenges and limitations associated with traditional methods of the teaching plant pathology are addressed, and an AI-based mobile application (APP) that utilizes the convolutional neural network (CNN) technology for the visualization of plant disease symptoms and pathogens is developed, which is applied to practical teaching scenarios. The APP can be applied to the innovative practical teaching, which enhances the practical teaching effectiveness. Compared with the traditional teaching methods, this AI-based APP demonstrates a notable positive impact on learning efficacy, significantly increases students’ interest in self-directed learning, fosters interdisciplinary innovative thinking, and enhances their application abilities. This tool is particularly beneficial for young talent with diverse skill sets. Furthermore, the APP can be used to improve the quality of education, modernize teaching methodologies, promote interdisciplinary integration, and enhance the evaluation system of practical teaching.