The calibration of multi-camera pose relationship is a very important step in the large dimension measurement system. A calibration model is established and a planar target with a filling circle array is adopted. By means of linear translation, the target is located within fields of view of different cameras at the same time, the coordinate value of the same target feature point in each camera coordinate system can be extracted. Based on the coordinate values, the position-pose relationship between the target coordinate system and the camera coordinate system can be calculated. Moreover, according to the linear transition of target, the position-pose relationship between two cameras is thus solved. It is verified by experiment that, as for the cameras with an installation distance of about 2300 mm, the calibration error is less than 0.002 mm. The whole calibration procedure is simple and fast, which can be applied to the on-site calibration by a large dimension measurement system in industry.