To realize the automatic calibration of the camera used in morphology measurement of an axisymmetric body, the perspective projection characteristics of the axisymmetric body were investigated, and a automatic calibration method for intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the measureing camera was proposed based on self constraint characteristics of measured axisymmetric body. Firstly,by utilizing the extration of section fetures easily, the ellipses in the images of axisymmetric body cross sections were estimated to obtain the images of the circular points. Then,combining with the epipolar constraint, the full constraint equations of the image for an absolute conic were established and computed to obtain the camera intrinsic parameters by Cholesky’s factorization. Secondly, based on the intrinsic matrix of the camera, the extrinsic parameter equations were established by using the image of the symmetry axis and cross sections to solve the extrinsic parameters. Experimental results indicate that the relative precision of the intrinsic parameters is better than 0.95% and that of the extrinsic parameters is 5.6%. By utilizing only the axisymmetric constraints of the measured object without the calibration plate or block, the calibration process is simple, effective,and can satisfy the real needs.