The effect of surface treatment technology on laser damage resistance of aluminum alloy is studied. Results show that， under the same nanosecond laser irradiation, the laser-induced damage threshold of nickel-plated metal surface, black anode oxidated surface, or hard anode oxidated surface is lower, while that of inactivated or micro arc oxidized surface is higher, if compared with that of mechanically polished surface; surfaces treated by the same treatment process but with different parameters have different damage thresholds. With the comparison among the relevant physical parameters of different technologies, the damage thresholds, morphologies, and patterns are analyzed and the results indicate that the inactivation technology is more suitable for the aluminum alloy surface treatment in high power laser facility.