To explore the impact of the new crown epidemic prevention and control measures on NO2 pollution in Urumqi, and to promote air pollution control more effectively. In this study, based on the combination of OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) satellite remote sensing hyperspectral technology and ground monitoring data, the NO2 dry deposition flux was estimated. To study the NO2 diffusion trajectory and potential sources in Urumqi City during epidemic prevention and control in 2019—2021. Using night light data, the Baidu map heat map tool, and AutoNavi map POI (Point Of Interface) functional area, the source of NO2 pollution in Urumqi was further analyzed and discussed. The research shows that: (1) The overall performance of NO2 concentration in Urumqi City is: Xincheng District>Shayibak District>Tianshan District>Shuimogou District>Midong District, the comparison between 2020 (epidemic outbreak period) and 2019 (pre-epidemic period) during the same period. It is found that the NO2 concentration in each urban area has decreased significantly, among which the Shaybak District has the largest decrease of 47.63%. The comparison between 2021 (post-epidemic era) and 2020 (epidemic outbreak period) shows that the NO2 concentration in each urban area has gradually recovered. The Ibarque district saw the largest increase, at 60.09%. The urban thermal conditions are as follows: Tianshan District>Shayibak District>Shuimogou District>Xincheng District>Midong District. The urban thermal conditions and NO2 concentration changes are roughly the same, and the urban population agglomeration in Midong District is the lowest, so the urban thermal value and NO2 concentration are both the lowest. (2) The long tributaries are transported in the long-distance northwest direction. The farthest distance is from Kazakhstan, and the airflow accounts for the largest proportion, reaching 80.32%. The short tributaries mainly come from and around Urumqi, and the air flow accounts for 19.69%. NO2 is a short-lived gas, so the short-distance transportation of air flow has a greater impact on NO2 in Urumqi. The probabilities of the potential source regions passed by various types of airflow are relatively consistent in the spatial distribution. The potential source contributions simulated by the PSCF analysis method have great credibility. (3) Analyze the atmospheric system as a gray system, and divide it into: standard coal consumption>secondary industry>total industrial output value>industrial electricity consumption>population density>car ownership>tertiary industry>primary industry. Under static and stable weather conditions, the dry deposition flux was estimated based on OMI satellite remote sensing data. This method can compensate for the shortage of ground monitoring and provide evidence for the estimation of dry deposition flux.