The satellite-ground synchronous observation experiment at China Radiometric Calibration Sites (CRCS) Dunhuang is one of the primary methods for achieving absolute radiometric calibration of Chinas meteorology, oceanography, land resource, environmental disaster monitoring, and military series satellite optical imaging payloads solar reflection bands. However, the traditional method of surface reflectance spectral satellite-ground synchronous measurement at CRCS Dunhuang Site is based on vehicle observation, which not only consumes significant resources and can damage the site but results in measurement data lacking regional representativeness. To address this issue, the 2016 satellite-ground synchronous observation experiment at CRCS Dunhuang primarily utilized rotor drones for low-altitude synchronous measurements supplemented by vehicle observations. The experiment covered all process aspects, including route design, altitude selection, instrument parameter configuration, sampling strategy, and aviation data processing. Multiple flight tests have shown that using rotor drones for low-altitude measurements, instead of vehicle-based measurements, improves the spatial consistency and representativeness of ground reflectance characteristics. Using drone-based measurements also increases the efficiency of assessing ground reflectance. It effectively protects the precious Gobi surface of CRCS Dunhuang, resulting in significant savings of resources. Comparisons of surface reflectance data obtained through aerial and vehicle-based measurements indicate that the mean values of multiple surface reflectance measurements are relatively close, However, the standard deviation of the aerial measurements is smaller. Evaluating the radiometric calibration of reflectance data obtained by drones using synchronous measurements from the Terra MODIS sensor indicates that the relative deviation of the drone data is within 5%. Drone-based measurements can replace vehicle-based field measurements for calibration purposes, and the accuracy meets requirements. With further optimization and improvement in drone performance, drones are anticipated to have more extensive and intensive applications in satellite-ground synchronous calibration testing, playing a more significant and important role in the future.