The quality and safety of grain and oils are related to the national nutrition and health safety of the public. Owing to the difficulties in operation, destruction, high cost, reagent pollution and other shortcomings, conventional detection method cannot meet the fast, non-destructive, efficient and pollution-free requirements, which pose great difficulties in integrating with Industry 4.0. With the development of chemometrics, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology integrates the advantages of spectroscopy and image technology to overcome the defects of conventional detection method, which has become the developingt trend of grain and oils quality testing technology. Based on many interrelated research papers, this paper reviews the principles of HSI and the existing research in quality (component determination, germination test, variety classification) and safety (fungal detection, pest detection) of grain and oils. Meanwhile, in order to promote the application and development of hyperspectral imaging technology in the field of grain and oils, we specially analyze the aspect of HSI including spectral range, chemometrics, equipment and the accuracy of model, pointing out the current problems and prospecting the direction and priority.