Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences, Volume. 14, Issue 6, 2150015(2021)

Design and validation of a handheld capnography device for cardiopulmonary assessment based on the Arduino platform

Om Prakash Singh1,*... Ismail M. El-Badawy2 and M. B. Malarvili3 |Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1Bio-signal Processing Research Group (BSPRG) School of Biosciences and Medical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
  • 2Electronics and Communication Engineering Department Arab Academy for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt School of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
  • 3Bio-Signal Processing Research Group (BSPRG) School of Biosciences and Medical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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    The design of a handheld capnography device is in great demand because of its effective and practical uses in all cardiac arrest resuscitations, according to the recommendation of the American Heart Association. Herein, a handheld capnography device that can be used in clinical settings and the home environment is reported. The proposed device was developed by using an infrared CO2 sensor, Arduino Mega2560, and a high-resolution display (2.8"). Furthermore, two rechargeable batteries (7.6 V, 0.99 A) and a secure digital card with a capacity of 16GB were incorporated to increase the portability and usability of the device. Algorithms were implemented to measure standard features, namely, inspired CO2 (ICO2), end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), and respiratory rate (RR). The features of 15 healthy subjects were recorded by using the developed prototype and the standard capnography device (CapnostreamTM20 Model CS08798). Validation was performed with Bland–Altman plots. Findings revealed that mean differences ± standard deviations for the set limits of ICO2, EtCO2 and RR were 0.29 ± 1.30 millimeters of mercury (mmHg), 0.15±1.77mmHg and 0.40 ± 0.97 breaths per minute (bpm), respectively. Most of the differences among device measurements across all features fell within the 95% limits of agreement. Thus, the developed device may help manage respiratory distress conditions in and outside of a hospital setting.

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    Om Prakash Singh, Ismail M. El-Badawy, M. B. Malarvili. Design and validation of a handheld capnography device for cardiopulmonary assessment based on the Arduino platform[J]. Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences, 2021, 14(6): 2150015

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    Paper Information

    Received: Feb. 6, 2021

    Accepted: Apr. 19, 2021

    Published Online: Dec. 6, 2021

    The Author Email: Singh Om Prakash (bioom85@yahoo.com)

    DOI:10.1142/s1793545821500152

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