In recent years, extreme weather and natural disasters have occurred frequently, causing great harm to socio-economic and life safety, and real-time meteorological data with high spatiotemporal resolution is urgently needed to predict the occurrence of extreme weather and natural disasters. The wind is one of the important parts of meteorological data, and accurate wind field data plays an important role in meteorology, environment, energy, urban planning, transportation, and emergency response. As point measuring instrμments, contact anemometers such as wind cup anemometers and ultrasonic anemometers have the problem of small measurement range, and the contact measuring equipment needs to invade the wind field, resulting in the distortion of the wind field to be measured. Coherent wind lidar uses the Doppler shift effect of aerosol particles on the beam to measure the wind field. Coherent wind lidar has significant advantages in terms of detection range, data accuracy, and spatiotemporal resolution, which can meet the needs of wind field data in meteorology, environment, transportation, energy, and other fields. In this paper, a self-developed coherent wind lidar system is introduced, its principle and design are introduced, the accuracy of the external field ratio data of the system in Anqing National Basic Meteorological Station is verified, and finally, the urban wind field changes and typical weather processes are analyzed. A coherent wind lidar system is developed in this paper. Based on the principle of Doppler frequency shift (Fig. 1), 1550nm is selected as the laser beam. The signal frequency is analysed with the ML DSP algorithm to get the period graph, and then the Doppler translation information is obtained. A coherent wind measurement lidar system composed of transmitting, receiving and receiving is designed (Fig 2). According to the error of the comparison between the system and the sounding balloon data, the measurement accuracy of the data is judged (Fig 6).The correlation between the coherent wind lidar and the sounding data shows that the correlation of wind speed is 0.962, the correlation of wind direction is 0.96, the standard deviation of wind speed is 0.93m/s, and the standard deviation of wind direction is 6.52°. The coherent wind lidar was observed in Pingyin County from January to March 2024 and found that the wind speed at different altitudes above the city increased. The wind speed decreased significantly in April, and the wind direction at the height of 200 m above the city during the monitoring period was mainly northeast wind and south wind. The wind direction characteristics were more consistent in different months. The wind direction at the height above 500 m gradually changed. The wind direction showed the characteristics of different months, combined with the topography of Pingyin County (Fig.15), the wind direction characteristics at the height of 200 m were more consistent with the terrain characteristics. From June 7 to July 7, 2024, the wind lidar was observed in Beijing. It was found that the wind speed change characteristics within 500 m altitude in Beijing on a sunny day were consistent with the change of temperature near the surface. The wind direction was quite different, and the vertical airflow varied greatly from 12 o'clock to 18 o'clock every day. With the increase in altitude, the vertical airflow change weakened, and the wind speed above 1 km altitude increased as a whole, with no obvious diurnal variation trend. The wind direction was mainly southwest wind (Fig.22- Fig.24).A coherent wind lidar system is developed based on the Doppler effect of laser, which has a detection distance of 50-4000 m, a temporal resolution of 10 s, and a vertical resolution of 30 m. The correlation between the system and the sounding balloon showed that the correlation between wind speed is 0.962, the correlation of wind direction is 0.96, he standard deviation of wind speed is 0.93 m/s, and the standard deviation of wind direction is 6.52°. According to the monitoring data, it is found that the wind field within 1 km of the near-surface altitude of the city changes greatly due to the influence of terrain and near-ground temperature, and the wind field above 1 km of altitude changes little. At the same time, the typical processes of Pingyin County and Beijing are analyzed, and it is found that the coherent wind lidar can effectively monitor the urban rainfall and the intersection of cold and warm air and has good continuous observation ability of wind field and monitoring and analysis ability of typical weather phenomena.