The Ca1-xBaxCu3Ti4O12 (x=0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.020, 0.030, 0.040, 0.050, 0.100) ceramics have been prepared by the traditional solid state reaction method. The effects of the changes of Ba2+ doping contents on the phase structure, surface morphology and electric properties of Ca1-xBaxCu3Ti4O12 have been investigated by the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and dielectric temperature relationship measurement system and impedance tester. The results show that the second phase CuO is produced in ceramic samples with the increase of Ba2+ doping content, and the Ba2+ doping increases the lattice constant of CaCu3Ti4O12 at the same time. The grain size of Ca1-xBaxCu3Ti4O12 decreases with the increase of the doping amount of Ba2+ and the porosity decreases accordingly. The dielectric loss of CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics and the change rate of relative dielectric constant with temperature can be reduced effectively by doping appropriate Ba2+. A certain amount of Ba2+ doping can also increase the grain boundary resistance of CaCu3Ti4O12.