In order to investigate the bit error rate (BER) performance of convolutional codes with different code rates in underwater turbulent channels, this paper employs accept-reject sampling to simulate multiplicative interference in turbulent channels.Binary phase shift keying(BPSK) modulation is chosen, and a simulation model of a Gamma-Gamma turbulent channel communication system is established. The simulation results indicate that convolutional coding can improve the BER performance of the system in turbulent channels with different intensities. The smaller the code rate of convolutional code is, the more significant the improvement of system BER performance will be. As the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increases, the faster the system BER decreases when the memory depth is longer. Using soft decoding can improve the gain by at least 2.82 dB compared to using hard decoding. The decoding of convolutional codes is not only affected by the current information, but also related to the previous symbol information.