In order to realize the rapid measurement of atmospheric horizontal visibility, the atmospheric horizontal visibility measurement system based on charge-coupled device (CCD) is designed, and the local weighted regression algorithm adopted in the system is investigated. The fitting lines of the local weighted regression and ordinary linear regression algorithms are compared by experiments, and the synchronous contrast measurement with the commercial NQ-1 visibility meter is carried out. Results show that the CCD measurement system with local weighted regression algorithm instead of ordinary linear regression algorithm can improve its correlation with the measurement data of visibility meter, and the correlation coefficient can increase from 85% to 96%. The real time comparison with the measurement data of the visibility meter shows that the error value of measurement system is reduced from 3 km to about 0.8 km. It can be found that the CCD measurement system using the local weighted regression algorithm basically meets the requirement of atmospheric horizontal visibility measurement.