The tensile strength is an important index to assess the mechanical properties of the wood. In order to solve the problems of low model accuracy caused by the small samples and redundant wavelength information in near-infrared spectroscopy modeling, a novel method combining wavelength optimization of MC-UVE-IVSO and PLS is proposed to predict the wood tensile strength. Firstly, 150 birch samples were selected as experimental objects, and the near-infrared spectrometer in the band of 900~1 700 nm was used to collect the spectral data of the test specimens, and the true tensile strength values were obtained by the mechanical testing machine. Secondly, the collected spectral data were preprocessed to complete smoothing filtering by combining multivariate scattering correction (MSC), first-order derivation and convolution smoothing (SG). Thirdly, the optimization methods, which include the variable combination cluster analysis algorithm (VCPA), the Monte Carlo uninformative variable elimination method (MC-UVE), the iterative variable subset optimization algorithm (IVSO) and the MC-UVE-IVSO combined optimization algorithm, were applied to select spectral wavelength features, and the optimal wavelength results based on different method were compared. Finally, the partial least squares birch tensile strength prediction model was established based on the selected wavelength of MC-UVE-IVSO. The experimental results show that the number of spectral variables is reduced from 512 to 98 based on the MC-UVE-IVSO and PLS, and the selected wavelength features account for 19% of the total wavelength. The predicted coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.940 4. The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) is 12.370 7. The ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) is 3.162 4, compared with full band, MC-UVE, VCPA,MC-UVE-VCPA and IVSO, R2 indicators (0.926 5, 0.828 2, 0.931 7, 0.934 3), RMSEP indicators (13.910 5, 17.355 2, 13.402 8, 14.070 5) and RPD indicators (2.812 3, 2.254 1, 2.918 8, 2.780 3) have been improved to varying degrees; In addition, the box plot of the prediction model established by statistical characteristic wavelengths further proves the stability of the MC-UVE-IVSO algorithm in dealing with multivariate wavelengths. The experimental results proved that the MC-UVE method could eliminate most of the variables, which are not related to the model, and the IVSO algorithm can effectively search for the optimal subset of variables. Based on the MC-UVE-IVSO optimization algorithm, the combination method has complementary advantages, and the optimized features can improve the accuracy and stability of the birch tensile strength prediction model. The method provides a theoretical basis for Non-destructive testing of wood samples based on near-infrared spectroscopy.