In recent decades, the advent of light sheet fluorescence microscopy as an innovative technique in fluorescence microscopy has significantly enhanced the high spatiotemporal resolution imaging capabilities of tissue and cellular structures and functions in life science research. Compared to traditional epi-fluorescence microscopy techniques, light sheet microscopy illuminates biological samples selectively, greatly improving photon utilization efficiency, reducing phototoxicity, and significantly increasing imaging speed. Since its introduction, light sheet microscopy has gradually expanded its application field in life science research, ranging from embryology and neuroscience to tumor studies, among others. It can not only be used to observe the basic structures of cells and tissues but also for real-time monitoring of dynamic changes in biological processes. Furthermore, its multiscale characteristics make it suitable for observations across multiple scales from macro to micro. This article reviews the applications and developments of light sheet microscopy in high-throughput imaging, high-precision imaging, and usability, aiming to provide life science researchers with comprehensive understanding and reference, and to promote its application and development in more fields.