The development of the modern life science is largly dependent on the manipulation of the cells, such as removel of the certain protein or subcellular organelle, and the laser cell microsurgery is a powerful tool. Until now, three mechnisms are explited for the laser cell surgery: general laser tighly focused irradiation, femosecond laser focused irradiation and gold nanoparticles based laser irradiation.During the past few years, extensive progress and numerous breakthroughs have been made in this area of research. Here the lastest development of laser cell microsurgery and its application in the field of biology and biomedical engineering are reviewed. Furthermore,this review covers three different laser cell microsurgerys and their advantages and disadvantages. A large amount of cells can be manipulated at the same time and no need of many expensive instruments are the main advantages of the gold nanoparticles based on laser cell surgery in comparison with present existing methods.