A precise structured laser model is the basis of three-dimensional optical measurement, in which the intersection model of distributed spatial measurement positioning system is based on the ideal plane model of the line-structured laser surface. However, the line-structured laser surface in large-scale space has complex deformation which is difficult to be accurately fitted by any mathematical model. Therefore, this paper studies a nonparametric model calibration method for the laser surface based on a high-precision rotary table. This method constructs a precise mapping table between the rotation time of laser surface and the space angle to replace the surface fitting parameter model. Based on the nonparametric calibration results of laser surface, the intersection model is optimized. Taking workshop measurement positioning system as the verification platform, the experimental results show that the calibration method can effectively overcome the complex deformation of laser surface and reduce coordinate measurement error of the areas with obvious deformation to approximately 50% within a measuring range of 12 m.