Using the high precision digital stress measurement instrument, the distribution of stress birefringence (SBR) of optical glass is digitally measured. Experiment shows that the impact of temperature and gravity on the stress birefringence of glass cannot be neglected, compared to the first measurement result, the max value of SBR reduces 83%, and the root mean square (RMS) value reduces 87%. Also, when temperature maintains constant, the effect of gravity is still obvious, experimental result shows that the max value of SBR increases 68%, and the RMS value increases 90% in this situation. The stress birefringence of optical material/glass distribution measurement with high precision has great impact on optical machining.